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For the updated TNA, the following subdivision of the long fibre tracts has been adopted, based on Swanson and Bota’s proposal (Swanson LW, Bota M 2010 Foundation model of structural connectivity in the nervous system with a schema for wiring diagrams, connectome, and basic plan architecture. Proc Natl Aad Sci USA 107:20610-20617). In essence, this system includes: (1) Radices centrales (Central roots) for the cranial nerve roots within the brain stem, including the genu of the facial nerve, the decussation of the trochlear nerves, the solitary tract, the spinal and mesencephalic tracts of the trigeminal nerve, and the gracile and uneate fasciculi. The tractus opticus may also be viewed as a central root for the diencephalon and hypothalamus. (2) Tractus proprii (Intrinsic tracts), remaing to one part of the brain or within the spinal cord. The Tractus associationis cerebri (Association tracts of cerebrum), intrinsic to the cerebrum, are listed under their usual name. (3) Tractus commissurales (Commissural tracts) for the corpus callosum and the commissures (anterior, habenular, posterior); the term Transverse tracts will not be applied, some 'transverse tracts' are contralateral branches of a long tract. (4) Tractus longi (Longitudinal tracts) to be divided into: (a) Ascending tracts; (b) Cerebellar efferent tracts; and (c) Descending tracts. The problem of redundancy/repitition of terms has been solved by adding a topographical description where appropriate (pars spinalis/spinal part, pars rhombencephalica caudalis/caudal rhombencephalic or pars bulbaris/bubar part), pars rhombencephalica rostralis/rostral rhombencephalic part, pars pontina/pontine part, where appropriate and related to the real pons, pars mesencephalica/mesencephalic part, pars cerebellaris/cerebellar part, pars diencephalica/diencephalic part, par hypothalamica/hypothalamic part, Pars capsularis/capsular part)